Practical oxyfunctionalisation biocatalysts by engineering monooxygenases into peroxyzymes.

Chemistry is far away from being a mature science: many desirable transformations are still out of scope. One important example is the selective (oxy)functionalisation of non-activated C-H bonds, which still represents a dream reaction of organic chemistry. This is because balancing high reactivity (needed for the activation of inert C-H bonds) with selectivity is difficult to achieve. Enzymes, specifically monooxygenases, are catalysts that principally solve this challenge.Monooxygenases, however, are not practical catalysts for organic chemistry. This is because they have evolved to enable the survival of their host organisms and not to suit the needs of organic chemists. In particular the complex molecular architecture of monooxygenases (necessitating O2, stoichiometric reductants and additional catalytic components) together with mechanistic challenges arising from their complex molecular architecture impede their chemistry-wide application.PeroxyZyme aims at solving these issues and establish evolved monooxygenases (peroxyzymes) as practical catalysts for organic chemistry. Peroxyzymes will be able to function with simple hydrogen peroxide rather than via the natural, albeit complex and vulnerable electron transport chains. This fundamental change in the monooxygenases catalytic mechanisms will be achieved by a mechanism-driven and experimentally validated semi-rational engineering approach. Evolved peroxyzymes will be characterised using up-to date (ultra)fast spectroscopy identifying catalytic bottlenecks and possible inactivation mechanisms. This molecular understanding will provide the basis for further improvement of first generation peroxyzymes. The practical usefulness of evolved peroxyzymes will be demonstrated on preparative-scale by using them in non-aqueous reaction media enabling high product concentrations and space-time yields.