Cr4+:YAG/Polymer nanocomposite as alternative materials for Q-switched lasers: properties, modeling, and applications

The development and application of solid-state lasers (SSRs) over the last decade, emphasizing their wide-ranging uses in fields such as metal processing, medical applications, and optical transmission systems. It outlines the fundamental components of SSRs and the importance of achieving a balance between gains and losses in the laser resonator for effective generation. The concept of Q-switching is introduced, highlighting its role in enhancing laser performance by modulating the Q-factor of the resonator. Active and passive Q-switching methods are compared, with a focus on the advantages of passive Q-switches for generating powerful sub-nanosecond pulses in compact laser systems. The challenges associated with finding suitable passive Q-switching materials, particularly for long-term use, are discussed, leading to the proposal of a novel approach using a composite structure of polymer matrix with Cr4+:YAG nanopowders. This initiative, undertaken by the ALTER-Q consortium comprising European academic institutions, research organizations, and SMEs, aims to address the current limitations and pave the way for cost-effective alternatives in Q-switched laser technology.