Exploring CO2 activation in heterogeneous catalytic CO2 hydrogenation

Carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere because of burning fossil fuels and industrial production processes has increased in concentration and enhanced the ""greenhouse effect"", causing “climate change” and extreme weather. Converting CO2 into energy-rich fuels is one of the sustainable solutions to mitigate carbon emission challenges, while also remedying the over-reliance on fossil fuels as well as contributing to achieving the “European Green Deal”. A reliable and affordable CO2 conversion process remains a grand challenge because thermodynamic and kinetic constraints limit the CO2 conversion reactions