Specific universal immunotherapeutic method for cancer

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by leveraging the immune system to combat tumors. However, many cancers evade immune detection through mechanisms like the absence of recognizable antigens (Ags), limiting current therapeutic efficacy. To address this, we present OncoFlag, an innovative platform employing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding a protein of a target virus. This approach transforms tumor cells into visible targets for the immune system by inducing viral Ag expression on their surface, resulting in a revival of the immune recognition (communication) and triggering a potent anti-tumor response. Building on the results of the ERC-advanced EDISON project, which explores micro/nanoparticles as mediators for immune-cancer cell communication, we have preliminary validated this strategy in a melanoma model. Our results demonstrated significant tumor growth reduction and robust immune activation, driven by cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration into Ag-expressing tumors. OncoFlag Proof-of-Concept project aims to explore the viability of this platform by evaluating the universality of the therapy in diverse tumor models, as well as its versatility and translational potential. By validating the efficacy of the platform in multiple tumor types and patient-derived systems (e.g., co-cultures with primary immune cells, PBMCs), we aim to establish a novel, universal strategy that can be applied across a wide range of cancers. These studies will provide critical insights into the platform’s ability to overcome current limitations in cancer immunotherapy. By demonstrating the universality and versatility of OncoFlag, we aim to de-risk the technology, attract further investment, and accelerate its path to commercialization. OncoFlag represents a transformative step towards personalized and effective cancer treatments, aligning with the growing demand for precision medicine and improved patient outcomes.